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1.
Rev. salud pública Parag ; 8(1): 44-48, ene-jun.2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-910523

ABSTRACT

La resistencia a las polimixinas mediada por plásmidos (gen mcr-1) representa una amenaza para la salud pública, puesto que colistina es utilizada en la práctica médica como una de las últimas alternativas para el tratamiento de gérmenes multiresistentes. Este estudio describe la circulaciónde cepas de Enterobacterias que portan este gen de resistencia, aisladas de pacientes hospitalizados, así como también de la comunidad. Los hallazgos de la Red de Vigilancia de la Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos-Paraguay fueron de casi el 5 % (4,7) en cepas remitidas con criterio de sospecha, siendo las especies involucradas Escherichiacoli, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Salmonella Schwarzengrund. Además, por métodos moleculares se confirmaron en todas ellas la portación de otros genes de resistencia (KPC, CTX-M, Qnr B, Qnr S, aac (6`)-Ib-cr) asociados al mcr-1. Palabras claves: Enterobacterias, resistencia, colistina, mcr-1.


Resistance to polymyxins mediated by plasmids (mcr-1 gene) represents a threat to public health, since colistin is used in medical practice, as one of the last alternatives, for the treatment of multi-resistant germs. This study describes the circulation of strains of Enterobacteria that carry this resistance gene, isolated from hospitalized patients, as well as from the community. The findings of the Red de Vigilancia de la Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos­Paraguay were almost 5% (4.7) in strains submitted with suspicion criteria; the species involved being Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella Schwarzengrund. In addition, molecular methods confirmed in all of them the carrying of other resistance genes (KPC, CTX-M, Qnr B, Qnr S, aac (6`)-Ib-cr) associated with mcr-1. Key words: Enterobacteria, resistance, colistin, mcr-1.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Drug Resistance/genetics , Genes, MDR/drug effects , Plasmids/pharmacokinetics , Colistin/pharmacology , Polymyxins/pharmacokinetics , Salmonella enterica/drug effects , Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 55(6): 752-759, 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-538509

ABSTRACT

As polimixinas são antibióticos polipeptídeos com potente ação sobre várias bactérias gram-negativas. O seu uso foi praticamente abandonado entre 1970 e 1980, em virtude do aparecimento de drogas com menor toxicidade. Com o aparecimento de bactéria gram-negativas multirresistentes, principalmente em pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva, e a ausência de novos antimicrobianos para combater esses patógenos, renovou-se o interesse pelas polimixinas nos últimos anos. O principal efeito adverso desta classe de antibióticos é a nefrotoxicidade. Atualmente, somente as polimixinas B e E são utilizadas na prática clínica. A polimixina E é conhecida como colistina e utilizada na forma de colestimetato de sódio com o intuito de reduzir sua nefrotoxicidade, sendo o composto mais utilizado e mais estudado. Não existem dados consistentes sobre a prevalência de leão renal associada ao uso das polimixinas ou sobre os fatores de risco para desenvolvimento de nefrotoxicidade desses antibióticos. A proposta deste artigo é rever os principais aspectos de farmacodinâmica das polimixinas, prover um melhor entendimento dos seus mecanismos de nefrotoxicidade e comparar as diferentes prevalências de lesão renal descritas com o uso desta classe de antibióticos.


Polymyxins are polypeptide antibiotics with strong action against Gram-negative bacteria. Their use was almost halted between 1970 and 1980 due to the launching of less toxic compounds. The emergence of multiresistant Gram-negative bacterial strains, mainly in patients hospitalized in intensive care units, and the absence of new antimicrobials effective against these pathogens, renewed interest in polymyxins in recent years. The major adverse effect of this class of antibiotics is nephrotoxicity. Currently, only polymyxins B and E are used in clinical practice. Polymyxin E, the compound more employed and studied, is known as colistin and is used in the form of sodium colistimethate, for the purpose of reducing its nephrotoxicity. There is no consistent data about prevalence of renal injury associated with use of the polymyxins or about the risk factors to develop nephrotoxicity with these antibiotics. The aim of this manuscript is to review the main aspects of polymyxin pharmacodynamics, to provide a better understanding about the mechanism of renal injury associated with them and to compare the different prevalences of renal injury described with the use of these antibiotics.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Humans , Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Kidney/drug effects , Polymyxins/adverse effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects , Polymyxins/pharmacokinetics
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